The Australian Dental Association is a not-for-profit professional membership organisation. Its members include the great majority of practicing dentists, nearly all students of dentistry and a committed cohort of retired dentists.

As a professional association and an incorporated entity, the true 'owners' of the ADA are its members. In order to provide more formal leadership and direction, the ADA adopted a Constitution in 1928 that empowered elected members to govern the organisation.

At a national level, the ADA is governed by the Federal Council, which is responsible for the strategic direction, vision, and high level operation of the Association. Federal Council comprises 17 Councillors elected by ADA Branches in each state and territory. Branch Presidents attend Federal Council meetings so Councillors can gain the views of Branches during discussions however they do not vote and are not considered part of the governance group.

On an annual basis the Federal Council elects five Federal Councillors to the Federal Executive, comprising a President, Vice-President, Treasurer, and two Executive Councillors.

The Federal Executive is subject to the general control and direction of the Federal Council. It can, however, make financial and operational decisions for the purpose of implementing any objects, policies and powers of the Association to ensure that the strategic outcomes set out by Federal Council are achieved.

Federal Council and Executive are supported by an experienced staff and a range of specialist committees all working toward supporting the membership and improving Australia's oral health.