This session provides an overview of the basic metabolic pathways and metabolic reactions. It also explains how the body produces and stores energy obtained from the main fuel sources — carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
This session describes the physiology of nausea and vomiting. Topics covered include swallowing reflex, barrier pressure, agonist/receptor systems, afferent and efferent pathways and causes and consequences of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
The stomach acts as a reservoir and converts the episodic input of food from the oesophagus to a more continuous output of chyme into the duodenum. It is important in the mechanical breakdown of food and the chemical digestion of proteins.
Apart from its unique role in biliary and drug metabolism, the liver is central to the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins. Lactate, an end product of carbohydrate and protein metabolism, is an important fuel source. The coagulation system d
Biotransformation of xenobiotics and recycling of endogenous substances are crucial for survival. The metabolic processes of both are the same, and are discussed together in this session.
This session expands the role of antidiuretic hormone, and discusses other hormonal systems involved in regulating sodium absorption. The concept of 'effective circulating volume', which is central to these systems, is defined.
This session will explain the importance of the interrelated functions of the loop of Henle, distal tubule and collecting tubule in the regulatory functions of the kidney.
This session describes the mechanisms behind alteration of tubular fluid composition after filtration has taken place, as well as the detailed functions of the proximal tubule.
