This session expands the role of antidiuretic hormone, and discusses other hormonal systems involved in regulating sodium absorption. The concept of 'effective circulating volume', which is central to these systems, is defined.

This session will explain the importance of the interrelated functions of the loop of Henle, distal tubule and collecting tubule in the regulatory functions of the kidney.

This session describes the mechanisms behind alteration of tubular fluid composition after filtration has taken place, as well as the detailed functions of the proximal tubule.

This session introduces you to the overall structure of the functional elements of the kidney and their blood supply, as well as providing an overview of glomerular filtration.

This session describes the clinical features of visceral pain and neuropathic pain, and contrasts these with somatic pain. The neurological pathway is discussed and the principle of central sensitization.

This session works through the peripheral and central mechanisms of pain.

The session covers the organization of the spinal cord for motor functions, the types of motor neurones, the structure and function of muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs, and the muscle stretch reflex, flexor and crossed extensor reflexes.

This session summarises the structure and function of the autonomic nervous system.

 This session covers the functional physiological divisions of the brain, the regulation of blood flow and physiology of cerebrospinal fluid.

This session covers the different types of nerves and their function, the tissue that supports nerves and its function and the production of chemical transmitters. It also covers the structure of nerves and how this affects the speed of conduction.